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In the Netherlands, researchers are making strides in sustainable construction by exploring the potential of fungal materials. Led by Professor Han Wösten at Utrecht University, the initiative aims to develop engineered living materials (ELMs) from mycelium, the root-like structure of fungi. This innovative approach could revolutionize the construction industry, with predictions that the first fungal buildings may emerge within the next decade.
The research is part of Fungateria, a collaborative effort funded by the European Union, which includes scientists from various countries including Belgium, Denmark, Greece, and the UK. The project focuses on creating materials that not only exist within the built environment but also interact dynamically with their surroundings. By integrating bacterial elements with fungal mycelia, the team is working on materials that can self-heal, grow, and respond to environmental changes.
Fungal materials are derived from agricultural waste, which nourishes the fungal hyphae, forming a strong, lightweight, and biodegradable composite. This method has the potential to significantly reduce waste in the construction sector, which currently contributes over one-third of total EU waste and accounts for a substantial portion of national carbon emissions. By utilizing mycelium, these new materials could help mitigate environmental impact and promote sustainability in building practices.
Despite some public apprehension regarding living materials in construction, proponents argue that the concept is not new, given humanity’s long history of using living organisms in food and other applications. Experts advocate for shifting the perception of building materials from static to dynamic, suggesting that viewing structures as living entities could foster greater ecological connections in architecture.
To ensure safety and control over the fungal growth, researchers utilize specific species of fungi, such as Schizophyllum commune, and employ methods to manipulate their growth through light and temperature. Additionally, specially engineered bacteria are introduced to provide essential nutrients and halt fungal growth when necessary.
The resilience of these fungal materials has been promising, demonstrating the ability to withstand extreme weather conditions. As cities increasingly seek innovative and eco-friendly construction methods, the development of fungal architecture presents an exciting opportunity for creating buildings that are not only inspired by nature but are also composed of living materials. This could mark a transformative shift in how we approach construction, paving the way for a more sustainable future.
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