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Boise, Idaho, is pioneering sustainable energy use with its extensive geothermal heating system, the largest municipally operated system of its kind in the United States. Utilizing the region’s natural hot springs, Boise has transformed how it heats nearly 500 buildings, including City Hall, university facilities, and the Idaho Statehouse, which is notably the only state capitol in the country operating on geothermal energy.
The geothermal system taps into groundwater heated by geothermal activity beneath the Earth’s surface, with temperatures reaching approximately 170 degrees Fahrenheit (77 degrees Celsius). Wells in the nearby foothills draw this heated water into a closed-loop system, where it is circulated through pipes to transfer heat to buildings before being returned to the aquifer. This sustainable approach has seen significant growth over the past 40 years, with a reported sixfold increase in the number of buildings served. In 2024, the system is estimated to have reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 6,500 metric tons, which equates to removing about 1,500 cars from the road.
Geothermal energy is not a new concept for Boise, as its roots trace back to the 1890s when residents first tapped into the hot aquifer water. However, it gained renewed focus during the 1970s oil crisis. Today, Boise operates four geothermal systems, with the city-run utility funded through water sales rather than taxes, making it a cost-effective solution for both the city and residents.
The geothermal heating system not only provides a reliable and affordable energy source but also helps relieve pressure on the electrical grid due to its low electricity requirements. With a strong demand for clean energy, the Warm Springs District plans to expand its operations to include an additional 30 homes, furthering its commitment to sustainability.
Boise’s successful model has garnered international attention, attracting visitors from countries such as Iceland, Croatia, and Australia, all eager to learn from the city’s innovative geothermal practices. This initiative underscores Boise’s role as a leader in renewable energy and sustainable urban development.
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