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Researchers at UC Santa Barbara have made a significant advancement in renewable energy storage, addressing a long-standing challenge in harnessing solar power after sunset. A study published in the journal *Science* introduces a novel material that captures solar energy, locks it into chemical bonds, and releases it later as heat on demand.
This breakthrough is part of a growing field known as molecular solar thermal (MOST) energy storage. The innovative system employs a small, engineered molecule that mimics the reversible changes of DNA components when exposed to ultraviolet light. The molecule, known as pyrimidone, is designed to store and release energy efficiently without degrading, presenting a lightweight and recyclable alternative to traditional battery systems.
The energy density of this new material is particularly notable, achieving over 1.6 megajoules per kilogram—nearly double that of standard lithium-ion batteries, which deliver around 0.9 megajoules per kilogram. This high energy density allows the molecule to function effectively as a “rechargeable solar battery,” converting sunlight into chemical energy and releasing it as heat when triggered by a small amount of heat or a catalyst.
Laboratory demonstrations have confirmed the practical application of this technology, with researchers successfully using the stored energy to boil water under ambient conditions, a key milestone in the MOST field. This proof of concept opens up possibilities for various applications, including off-grid camping solutions and residential systems that store solar heat during the day for use at night.
The molecule’s water solubility further enhances its potential for easy distribution and storage, eliminating the need for additional battery systems typically required with solar panels. This innovation offers a promising pathway for solar energy utilization, targeting the substantial demand for heat in residential and industrial contexts.
Overall, the development of this compact and efficient molecular system represents a significant step forward in renewable energy technology, potentially reducing reliance on conventional batteries and heavy infrastructure. The research was supported by the Moore Inventor Fellowship, which aims to promote advancements in renewable energy solutions.
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